VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS :- RESPIRATION AND ENERGY TRANSFER

 

13. RESPIRATION AND ENERGY TRANSFER

14. RESPIRATION IN PLANTS

1)                ln Which form complex organic materials store food material?

2)              What is respiration?

3)              What is the nature of respiration?

4)              Which is the site of respiration in all living organisms?

5)              Name the oxidation process which converts complex organic food material into simple substances.

6)              Which is the metabolically usable form of energy?

7)              What is the percentage of energy conserved in the form ofATP?

8)              What is the fate of energy not conserved during the process of respiration?

9)              What is respiratory substrate?

10)         What are the different types of respiratory substrates?

11)           Which is the main source of energy?

12)         Which is the most favourite respiratory substrate?

13)         What are the two main types of respiration?

14)         What are the types of respiration on the basis of food material used for respiration?

15)         What is the nature of end products of aerobic respiration?

16)         What is the nature of products of anaerobic respiration?

17)         Which types of gases is exchange during the process of respiration in eukaryotes?

18)         Which type of respiration is found in eukaryotic cells?

19)         Which type of respiration is found in prokaryotic cells?

20)       What is floating respiration?

21)         What is protoplasmic respiration? What is ATP?

22)       What is the main use of energy released from ATP?

23)       Through which process ATP releases energy?

24)       What is chemical nature of ATP?

25)       What are the three main components of ATP?

26)       Which sugar is present in ATP?

27)       How many phosphate groups are present in ATP?

28)       What is the energy content of different bonds produced by phosphate groups inATP?

29)       What is the amount of energy trapped by one ATP molecule?

30)       What is the energy present in different bonds formed by phosphates?

31)         How much amount of energy is obtained actually from one ATP molecule?

32)       ATP is-------- of the cell.

33)       What is the site of ATP synthesis in respiration?

34)       Name the space present between outer and inner membrane of mitochondria?

35)       What is crest or cristae?

36)       Which membrane of mitochondria produces cristae?

37)       Why cristae are produced?

38)       Towards which face of mitochondria cristae are present?

39)       Which structures are present on cristae?

40)       What are the different terms applied to oxysomes?

41)         What are the different components present over body of oxysomes?

42)       Which process takes place on body of oxysomes?

43)       Which type of enzymes are present in matrix of mitochondria?

44)       Which type of ribosomes are present in matrix of mitochondria?

45)       What is the nature of DNA molecule present in mitochondria?

46)       What type of organ mitochondria is?

47)       What are the structures found over outer membrane of mitochondria?

48)       What are sessile oxysomes?

49)       What are the different parts of oxysomes?

50)       What is the length and breadth of mitochondria?

51)         What are the terms given to head, stalk and base of mitochondria?

52)       Who coined the term mitochondria?

53)       Who explained mitochondria as a site of respiration?

54)       Who discovered mitochondria?

55)       Which is the primary process of respiration?

56)       What is chemical nature of membranes of mitochondria?

57)       What is functional nature of mitochondrial membrane?

58)       What is glycolysis?

59)       What is the fate of glucose in glycolysis?

60)       How many molecules of pyruvic acid are produced from one glucose unit?

61)         Which factor decides fate of pyruvic acid?

62)       What will be products obtained from pyruvic acid under aerobic conditions?

63)        Name the products obtained from pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen.

64)       Which organ is involved in complete oxidation of food material?

65)       Which organ plays major role in release of energy from same glucose molecule?

66)       Which reaction brings about synthesis of alcohol from pyruvic acid?

67)       Name the different organisms which show anaerobic respiration?

68)       What will be the end product if pyruvic acid is supplied to lactic acid bacterium?

69)        lf muscle cell starved of oxygen are supplied with pyruvate what will be the nature of end product?

70)       Name the different phase of aerobic respiration in sequence?

71)         Name the pathway which is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

72)       What is the site of glycolysis?

73)       What is the nature of glycolysis?

74)       Why glycolysis is called as cytoplasmic respiration?

75)       What is the substrate for glycolysis?

76)       Who d discovered various steps of glycolysis?

77)       What are the two major phases of glycolysis?

78)       How many steps are involved in glycolysis?

79)       How many phosphorylation are taking place in glycolysis?

80)       How many types of phosphorylation’s reactions are taking place in glycolysis?

81)         How many phosphorylation reactions are involved in preparatory phase of glycolysis?

82)       What are the different sources of phosphates are used during glycolysis?

83)        Name the enzyme involved in first and second phosphorylation process in EMP

84)        Which ion plays role of cofactor in this reaction?

85)       How many phosphorylation reactions are taking place in EMP?

86)       Which enzyme carries out isomerisation of hexose compounds in EMP.?

87)       Which enzyme caries out isomerisation of triose compounds in EMP.

88)       Which compound undergoes cleavage in EMP?

89)       Which enzyme brings about cleavage in fructose 1 .6- diphosphate?

90)       During which phase of EMP harvesting of energy takes place?

91)         Which enzyme brings about oxidation and phosphorylation of 3PGAL?

92)       Which reduced coenzyme is obtained during EMP?

93)        Does EMP involve oxidation, explain?

94)       How many dephosphorylation reactions are taking place in EMP.?

95)       Which enzyme helps in synthesis of ATP from 1, 3- diPGA?

96)       Which compound shows isomerisation or rearrangement and which enzyme is involved in this reaction?

97)       What is the dehydration product in EMP?

98)       Which enzyme brings about dehydration?

99)        Which enzyme is used in ATP generation in EMP?

100)   How many ATP molecules are produced in EMP?

101)    How many ATP molecules are produced under anaerobic conditions in EMP?

102)   State the overall reaction of EMP

103)   Which reaction is carried out before entry of pyruvic acid into mitochondria?

104)   Which two substance are removed from pyruvic acid?

105)   Which enzymes are required for this reaction?

106)   Which two coenzymes are required for this reaction?

107)   Which two fractions join to produce acetyl-coA?

108)   Which is the connecting link between EMP and TCA?

109)   Which is the site of acetylation of pyruvic acid?

110)    What is the main feature of Kreb's cycle?

111)      Which is the second phase of aerobic respiration?

112)    Which is the site of TCA or Kreb cycle?

113)    Which types of reduced coenzymes are obtained in the TCA cycle?

114)    Which is the first stable product of TCA cycle?

115)    How many carbon atoms are present in citric acid cycle?

116)    Why Kreb cycle is known as citric acid cycle?

117)    Who discovered various reactions of citric acid cycle?

118)    How many oxidation and decarboxylation reactions are taking place in TCA cycle?

119)    Which compound acts as acceptor for acetyl-coA?

120)   Which is the first stable product of kreb'cycle?

121)    How many water molecules are used in condensation reaction?

122)   Which enzyme is used in formation of citric acid?

123)   What is the dehydration product of citric acid?

124)   Which enzyme is used in dehydration of citric acid?

125)   Which enzyme brings about hydration of product of citrate dehydration?

126)   What is the product of oxidation or dehydrogenation of isocitric acid?

127)   Which enzyme is used in oxidation of isocitrate?

128)   Which elements are used in dehydration and hydration reactions in TCA cycle?

129)   Which ions are necessary for oxidation reaction of isocitrate?

130)   Which is the last C6 acid produced in TCA cycle?

131)    Which is the only C5 compound produced in TCA cycle?

132)   Which enzyme is used for decarboxylation of oxalosuccinic acid?

133)   Which enzymes are used for oxidative decarboxylation of alpha ketoglutaric acid?

134)   What are the products of above said reactions?

135)   Which is the first C4 compound produced in TCA cycle?

136)   What is the product of hydration and phosphorylation product of succinyl COA?

137)   What is alternate name for the above reaction?

138)   Which enzyme is used for synthesis of succinic acid from succinyl.COA?

139)   Which enzyme carries out oxidation of succinic acid?

140)   Which is the first C4 acid produced in TCA cycle?

141)    What is the product of dehydrogenation or oxidation of malic acid?

142)   Which enzyme is used for regeneration of OAA or oxaloacetic acid?

143)   How many _NADH2,FADH2 and ATP are produced in one turn of Kreb's cycle?

144)    How many NADH2 and FADH2 are produced during complete oxidation of glucose?

145)   How many ATP are directly synthesized from different phases of aerobic respiration?

146)   How many NADH2 are produced in EMP pathway?

147)   How many ATP molecules are used in aerobic respiration?

148)   How many Six carbon compounds are produced in TCA cycle?

149)   How many four carbon compounds are produced in TCA cycle?

150)   How many four carbon acids are produced in TCA cycle?

151)    How many oxidation reactions are taking place in TCA cycle?

152)   In Respiration How many condensation reactions are taking place in TCA cycle?

153)   How many decarboxylation reactions are taking place in TCA cycle?

154)   How many oxidative decarboxylation reactions are taking place in TCA cycle?

155)   How many ATP molecules are produced during aerobic respiration from one molecule of glucose?

156)   How many water molecules are used up and C02 molecules are released during one turn of Kreb's cycle?

157)   What will be the products of degradation of fats as respiratory substrates?

158)   What are the different products obtained by degradation of proteins by proteases?

159)   Why respiration is called as catabolic pathway?

160)   Why respiration is amphibolic pathway?

161)    Which is the last phase of aerobic respiration?

162)   What is terminal oxidation?

163)   Give the term for non-photo induced unidirectional transfer of electrons?

164)   What is the site of ETC/ETS or terminal oxidation process?

165)   Which is the final electron acceptor of electrons in ETC?

166)   What is oxidative phosphorylation?

167)   What is oxidised during ETS?

168)   What is the site for release of hydrogens removed from reduced coenzymes?

169)   What is the fate of H2 released during ETC?

170)   What is metabolic water?

171)    Why ETC is called terminal oxidation?

172)    What are the different components of ETC?

173)   What are cytochromes?

174)   What are the different types of cytochromes in sequence in ETS?

175)   What are the forms of iron in ETS?

176)   How different electron carriers are arranged in ETC?

177)   Which electron carrier has highest energy and which has the lowest energy?

178)   What are the products of splitting of H2?

179)   What is the path followed by electrons during ETC?

180)   Mention the reaction which produces metabolic water?

181)    During which transfer first ATP molecule is formed in ETS?

182)   Mention the step during which second ATP will be produced in ETC?

183)   During which step third ATP molecule is formed in ETS?

184)   How many ATP molecules are produced when one NADH2 enters ETC?

185)   How many ATP molecules are produced when one FADH2 enters ETC?

186)   ln all how many ATP molecules are produced in ETC from reduced coenzymes?

187)   How manyATP molecules are from NADH2 molecules in ETC?

188)   How manyATP molecules are produced from FADH2 in ETC?

189)   How manyATP molecules are produced without using ETC?

190)   How many ATP molecules are produced inside mitochondria during aerobic respiration?

191)    What is anaerobic respiration?

192)   Give examples of organisms which show anaerobic respiration?

193)   What is the site of anaerobic respiration?

194)   What is the net gain of ATP in anaerobic respiration?

195)   Name the steps involved in anaerobic respiration?

196)   Which molecule undergoes decarboxylation in anaerobic respiration?

197)   What is the product of decarboxylation of pyruvic acid in anaerobic respiration?

198)   Name the coenzyme and cofactor required for the above reaction?

199)   Which enzyme is used for the same reaction?

200) Which enzyme brings about the reduction of acetaldehyde?

201)   Which compound uses hydrogen from NADH2?

202) Which process never takes place during lactic acid fermentation?

203) Which compound accepts hydrogen fromNADH2?

204) From which word the term fermentation is derived?

205) Which factors bring about the fermentation of the substrate?

206) Which are the raw material and the enzyme used in alcoholic fermentation process?

207) What is zymase?

208) Which is the raw material in lactic acid fermentation?

209) What is the basic difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration?

210)   Give examples of secondary metabolites?

211)    How antibiotics and vitamins are obtained as product?

212)   What is the primary requirement of vitamin fermentation?

213)   What are the basic types of fermentation?

214)   Which structures help plants in gaseous exchange?

215)   Which plant parts respire at faster rate?

216)    What are lenticels?

217)   What is R.Q.?

218)   Which factor decides R.Q.?

219)   What will be the RQ if carbohydrates are completely oxidised?

220) What will be the RQ if the substrates are fats and proteins?

221)   What is RQ in anaerobic conditions?

222) To which process respiration is coupled?