DNA fingerprinting:-

Definition and sources for DNA:-

1)   DNA finger printing is technique to identify a person on basis of DNA finger print which is unique to each individual.

2)   The technique was developed, for first time by Alec Jeffreys in 1984.

3)   It is also called as DNA typing or DNA profiling.

4)   Each person has unique finger prints and is same for all cells present in the body.

5)   Each person has specific pattern of DNA sequence showing combination of DNA sequences from mother & father.

6)   DNA finger printing can’t be altered by any known treatment.

7)   For finger printing, DNA can be obtained from blood – stain, semen (sperms) tissue bits, hair, teeth, etc.

Principles involved in DNA finger printing:-

1.   It is based on fact that each individual carries a specific no of short, tandemly arranged repeated base sequences in its non-coding region of DNA.

2.   DNA of every individual has specific characteristic feature & is not same for two humans.

3.   Particular organism carries some specific sequences called as axons. Which code protein.

4.   Some of DNA sequences which do not code proteins and repeated many times are called as intone.

5.   The tandem i.e. one after another repeats of short nucleotide Sequences are called as variable number, tandem repeats i.e. (VNTR) or mini – satellites.

6.   Except identical twins no two humans can have genome with same DNA & number of VNTR is also different.

7.   The VNTR of two individuals may be same in length, some sequences but differ at another site.

Applications of DNA – finger printing

A)  Forensic Science:  DNA typing is used to solve criminal cases as it provides important evidence.

B)  Paternity Test: It helps in solving cases of disputed parentage.

C)  Medical Science: It helps in analysis of tumor.

D)  Wild – Life: Technique provides valuable information for wild life management.

E)  Plant Science: It can be used to study genetic diversity.

F)  Other Applications:

1)   To study evolution.

2)   To verify hopeful migrant is close relative of already established person.