Genomics:-

Genome:-

1.  It is inherited from parents to offsprings. 

2.  These have entire genetic information in the form of triplet code.

3.  They replicate exactly and pass information to next generation.

4.  Genetic information is expressed through protein synthesis.

5.  Genome can be altered.

6.  It may undergo inheritable variation.

Applications of genome

1.  It gives basic understanding of human genetics.

2.  It is possible that use of gene theory can be made for treatment of genetic disorders.

3.  Prevention of genetically inherited disorder is possible because genome provides detail information about it.

4.  Genome gives us genetic identity.

5.  It gives us data based knowledge about genetically modified and designed drugs.

6.  It also explains the information about genes responsible for diseases like cardiovascular problems, diabetes, cancer, neurological disorders etc.

7.  It can be used for living healthy life.

8.  It is possible to isolate a single gene responsible for different diseases.

9.  Development of transgenic organisms is possible.

Human Genome Project (HGP):

1.  Sequencing of human genome is important in genomics.

2.  Formally, it was announced in year 2001 in journal ‘Nature & Science’.

3.  The discovery of HGP is most important event in human genetics.

4.  Human genome has deciphered genetic script of human life.

5.  It is estimated that there are at least 3 billion nucleotides base pairs i.e. approximately 30,000 genes in human genome.

6.  It becomes evident from HGP that only 10% of our DNAs make up genes which are actually responsible for coding vital proteins needed for our life.

7.  The remaining 90% of 3 billion base pairs are repeated sequences between genes and donor code for any product.

8.  By knowing sequences of entire genome it is possible to know role, and importance of DNAs which do not code for any protein.

Objectives or aims of HGP.

1.  It identifies all estimated genes in human genome i.e. to know complete nucleotide sequence of human genome.

2.  To develop technique for human genome mapping.

3.  To store information gathered in form of data base.

4.  To develop tools and techniques for such data analysis.

5.  To solve ethical, legal and all social problems which may arise with project.

Significance of HGP.

1.  Human genome project explains that only 10% genes actually encode vital proteins needed for our life.

2.  90% of total base pairs are repeated gene sequences.

3.  It can be confirmed that 2 human beings show 99% identical DNA content.

4.  It helps to explain the role and importance of repeated DNA sequence.

5.  It also explains importance of single nucleotide, polymorphism (SNP) which occur after 100 to 300 Bases.

6.  Mapping of such SNP’s will be allowed to associate multiple genes with diseases like cancer & diabetes.

7.  Single nucleotide variation can have major impact on human reaction against pathogens like bacteria and viruses.

The variation may be for antibiotic response.

8.  HGP offers better standards of life with new treatment for dreadful diseases.