BIOTECHNOLOGY ( VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)

 

12. BIOTECHNOLOGY  

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE

UNDERLINE ANSWERS IN YOUR TEXTBOOK

1. What is Biotechnology?

2. Which is the oldest form of biotechnology?

3. What are the applications of fermentation?

4. What are the valuable products obtained from microbiology?

5. What are the different methods included under biotechnology?

6. What are the different techniques included under biotechnology?

7. How biotechnology helped agriculture?

8. Name the different fields in which biotechnology is used?

9. Who proposed new definition of biotechnology?

10. What do you understand by EFB?

11. What is modern biotechnology?

12. Which process of reproduction produces variations?

13. What is the central idea of genetic engineering?

14. What do you mean by to engineer?

15. Which is the most significant advantage of genetic engineering?

16. What is the difference between genetic engineering and genetic recombination?

17. Who proposed recombinant DNA technique for the first time?

18. Who is known as father of genetic engineering?

19. What was the nature of experiment performed by Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer?

20. Which two bacteria were used by Herbert Boyer?

21. What is recombinant DNA technology?

22. Which type of characters is changed by recombinant DNA technique?

23. What is Donor?

24. Name the compound used for fragmentation of desired DNA?

25. What is screening?

26. Name the component I which desired gene is introduced?

27. What are the different types of cloning vector?

28. What is chimeric DNA or recombinant DNA?

29. What are the different terms applied to chimeric DNA?

30. What is clone or Ramet?

31. What is the purpose of transfer of Gene?

32. Name the different enzymes used in recombinant DNA technology?

33. What is the role restriction endonuclease?

34. What are biological scalpels?

35. What are the different terms applied to restriction endouncleases?

36. Which type of enzyme is used to extract DNA?

37. What is the role of reverse transcriptase?

38. What is the role of DNA ligase?

39. What is the role of alkaline phosphatases?

40. What do you mean by lysing enzymes?

41. What do you mean by joining enzymes?

42. What do you mean by cleaving enzymes?

43. What and the different types of cleaving enzymes?

 44. What are the different types of synthesizing enzymes?

45. What are vectors?

46. What are the different types of vector (artificial)?

47. What is the significant property of vector?

48. Why vectors are employed?

49. What are properties of vector?

50. What is replication origin?

51. What is the role of replication origin?

52. Why it is possible to amplify cloning vector in hast cell?

53. Why it is necessary for vector to have a recognition site?

54. What is the role of marker in vector?

55. What is transformation?

56. What is transfection?

57. What is transduction?

58. What is the different vector of bacteria?

59. Name the vector useful for insects?

60. Which plasmid useful for plants?

61. What is YAC?

62. What is the use of YAC?

63. What do you understand by BAC, MAC, HAC?

64. What are sticky ends?

65. What the role of sticky ends?

66. What is the role of DNA ligase?

67. Which method is used for in vitro cloning?

68. How in vitro cloning is carried out?

69. Name the prokaryotic cell used for cloning of DNA?

70. Name the eukaryotic cell used for cloning of DNA?

71. What are the various examples of blood proteins?

72. What is TPA?

73. What is the role of TPA?

74. Name the different hormones which can be synthesized using recombinant DNA technology?

75. Name the different types of immures modulators produce by using recombinant DNA technology?

76. What is necrosis?

77. Name the different type of vaccine using recombinant DNA technique?

78. What are transpossons or jumping genes?

79. What type of change can transpossons produce?

80. Name the plant in which transpossons were discovered?

81. Who discovered transpossons?

82. What is the percentage of jumping genes in maize genome?

83. What is the property of transpossons in bacteria?

84. Which type of bacterial strain can use the methods?

85. What is term applied to transpossons in human genomes?

86. What is there approximate number in human genome?

87. What are the two types of transpossons?

88. What are retrotranspossons?

89. What are the two stages of functioning of retrotranspossons?

90. Which types of mechanism is used by retrotranspossons?

91. What are DNA transpossons?

92. What is the mode of action of DNA transpossons?

93. Which type of mechanisms is used by DNA transpossons?

94. What are plasmids?

95. What are the different terms applied to plasmids?

96. In which types of organisms you will find plasmids?

97. Who introduced the term plasmids for the first time?

98. What is the average size of plasmids?

99. Which type of gene is usually present over plasmid?

100. What is the method of nomenclature for plasmid?

101. What do you mean by pBR322?

102. What do you mean by term pUC?

103. What is bacteriophage?

104. What are the components of bacteriophage?

105. What is the nature of genetic material in bacteriophage?

106. Which is the most suitable material cloning of single gene?

107. Why plasmid is not suitable for constructing gene library?

108. Which material is used to inject larger DNA molecules?

109. Name the commonly used bacteriophage?

110. Which two phages infect E. coli more commonly?

111. What is the length of phage lambda vector?

112. What is the special feature of phage lambda vector?

113. What is the function of cohesive ends?

114. How desired DNA is packed in phage lamia DNA?

115. How bacteriophage replicate inside the host cell?

116. What is the different step involved in lytic cycle?

117. What is ghost?

118. What is the sequence of virion assembly?

119. What is the time required for total lyric cycle or assembly?

120. How phages are released from material cell?

121. Name the enzyme which helps in lysis of cell?

122. What is restriction fragment?

123. What is restriction?

124. Who isolated restriction enzyme & in which bacterium?

125. Name the group to which restriction enzyme belongs?

126. What are the two types of nucleases?

127. What is the function of exonucleases?

128. What is the function of endouncleases?

129. What is the importance of restriction endouncleases?

130. What are the three main types of restriction endouncleases?

131. What is the basic difference between restriction endouncleases?

132. Which type o f restriction enzyme is used in recombinant DNA technology?

133. How type II enzymes function in DNA technology?

134. What is length of sequences of DNA produce by type two enzymes?

135. How many enzyme of type II are recognized?

136. What is the number of identified recognition sequences?

137. What is the meaning of first letter in name of an enzyme?

138. What is the meaning of next two letters in the name of an enzyme?

139. What does Roman numeral indicate?

140. Explain ECORI &Hind III?

141. What is recognition site?

142. What is the common nature of recognition site?

143. What are palindromes?

144. Give example of palindrome?

145. What is the site of action of restriction endo nuclease?

146. What are sticky ends?

147. Name the ions required to cut DNA at desired site?

148. Which technique is used to analysis DNA fragments?

149. Which characteristics are shown by in agarose gel electrophoresis?

150. What will be the pattern of restriction fragment for viruses & plasmids?

151. What is library?

152 What are the two types of library?

153. What is genomic library?

154. What type of most cells is used in genomic library?

155. How screening is carried out is genomic library?

156. What is cDNA library?

157. What is reverse transcription or teminism?

158. Who discovered teminism?

159. In which organism’s cDNA library is constructed?

160. How many types of sequences are present in eukaryotic genome?

161. Which types of proteins are produced using cDNA library?

162. What is gene amplification?

163. Name the technique through which amplification of gene is possible?

164. What do you understand by the term PCR?

165. Which type of technique PCR is?

166. Define PCR?

167. Who develop PCR?

168. When Mullis awarded Nobel Prize?

 169. What is the length of DNA segment which is to the amplified?

170. What type of primers is needed in PCR?

171. What are primers?

172. What is the length of primers?

173. What are the different types of nucleotides required in PCR?

174. Which enzyme is used in PCR? What is its property?

175. Name the organisms in tag polymer is obtained.

176. What do you mean by thermal cycling?

177. What is denaturation?

178. What is the result of denaturation?

179. Which type of DNA molecule needs more temperature?

180. What is annealing?

181. At which temperature denaturation & annealing are carried out?

182. What is polymerization or extension?

183. At which temperature extension is carried out?

184. After how many cycles reliability of methods decreases?

185. What is time required to complete one PCR cycle?

186. What are different uses of PCR?

187. What are different options of to increases food production?

188. What are transgenic crops or BT crops?

189. What type of properties can be developed in transgenic crops?

190. What is the main aim of modern biotechnology in agriculture?

191. What is the property of Bacillus thuringiensis?

192. In which form Bt toxins occurs?

193. What is the pH of gut of an insect?

194. What is the effect of Bt toxins an insect?

195. Name the gene which is used to introduce in Bt crops?

196. Name the different examples of Bt crops?

197. Name the bacterium which produces crown gall tumors?

198. Which type of gene in present over Ti plasmid?

199. Which bacteria show Ti plasmid?

200. Which type of plants is infected by agrobacterium?

201. Why Ti plasmids used in gene transfer of higher plants?

202. What is the fate of tumor producing gene after infection?

203. Which two genes from two bacteria are continued to use to transfer to plant?

204. Which bacteria are used to clone the genes?

205. Using which bacterium transgenic plants or Bt crops are produce?

206. How flavr savr tomato is produced?

207. Name the cell wall degrading enzyme in tomato?

208. What is the impact of transgenic technique over shelf life of tomato?

209. What type of character was introduced in golden rice?

210. What is the advantage of transgenic canola or Brassica napus?

211. Gene from which animal is introduced into Brassica?

22. Which protein is produced by leech?

213. In which form protein hirudin accumulates in Brassica seeds?

24. For which character transgenic potato is develop?

215. What is Basta?

216. What are the qualities of transgenic tobacco?

217. How stored protein content is improved using transgenic technique?

218. Which is the natural genetic engg?

219. What will be the effect of genetically improved crops over ecosystem?

220. What is G EAC?

221. What is the roll of GEAC?

222. What is bio-piracy/

223. What are the aspect of developed & under developing countries?

224. What is bio-patent?

225. What is the advantage of patent to the owners?

226. What is bio- piracy? Give examples.

227. What are the characters of basmati rice?

228. How many documented varieties of basmati rice are grown in India?

229. Which company obtain patent for Basmati rice?

230. What is the name of new variety developed?

231. How new variety was developed?

232. Which is the example of both bio-piracy & bio-patent?

233. Name the two other plants for which patent have been awarded?

234. What do the letter Bt stands?

235. What are cry proteins?

 

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